Regulatory reference

FDA, FSMA & 21 CFR

Which parts of Title 21 actually touch a food business, what each one covers in plain English, and a link straight to the official text. Applicability depends on your products, processes and role in the supply chain — this is where to start, not where to stop.

CFR Parts indexed
21
FSMA rules covered
7
Support touchpoints
21
Source
eCFR — official text

Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations

Applicable support across Title 21

Search by Part number, by topic, or by the term you actually use — “allergen”, “PCQI”, “traceability”. Every entry links to the official eCFR text, because an index is not the regulation.

21 entries

Part 1General Enforcement RegulationsRecords, registration, prior notice, importer requirements, traceability provisions.

General enforcement regulations, records, registration-related requirements, prior notice, importer requirements, traceability-related provisions, and other applicable FDA requirements — including the Foreign Supplier Verification Programs (Subpart L), Sanitary Transportation (Subpart O), and Food Traceability (Subpart S) provisions.

Part 7Recalls & Market WithdrawalsRecalls, corrections, and recall-related regulatory practices.

Support for recalls, market withdrawals, corrections, and recall-related regulatory practices — including recall strategy, classification considerations, effectiveness checks, and recordkeeping.

Part 11Electronic Records & SignaturesWhen applicable to FDA-regulated systems.

Electronic records and electronic signatures where applicable to FDA-regulated systems, including recordkeeping system reviews and documentation practices that support data integrity.

Part 101Food LabelingNutrition Facts, ingredients, allergens, statements of identity, claims.

Food labeling, Nutrition Facts, ingredient statements, allergens, statements of identity, claims, and other food labeling requirements — reviewed against current federal labeling regulations.

Part 110Legacy CGMPSupersededHistorical Current Good Manufacturing Practice references.

Legacy Current Good Manufacturing Practice requirements and historical GMP references, relevant to older programs, facility history, or comparative documentation. Part 110 was superseded by the CGMP requirements now in Part 117 Subpart B — it is not current law, and a program still written against Part 110 is a finding waiting to happen.

Part 111Dietary Supplement CGMPManufacturing, packaging, labeling, and holding operations.

Current Good Manufacturing Practice in Manufacturing, Packaging, Labeling, or Holding Operations for Dietary Supplements — specification setting at every stage, identity testing of incoming dietary ingredients, master manufacturing and batch production records, and the quality unit that has to sign them off.

Part 117Preventive Controls for Human FoodCGMP, hazard analysis, and risk-based preventive controls.

Current Good Manufacturing Practice, Hazard Analysis, and Risk-Based Preventive Controls for Human Food. The written food safety plan, the hazard analysis behind it, and the process, allergen, sanitation and supply-chain preventive controls that follow from it — prepared or overseen by a preventive controls qualified individual.

Part 120Juice HACCPHazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Systems for Juice.

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Systems for Juice, including the validated process required to achieve the applicable pathogen reduction for the juice concerned, and the distinction between a processor under Part 120 and a retail establishment, which is treated differently.

Part 123Seafood HACCPHazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Systems for Fish and Fishery Products.

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point Systems for Fish and Fishery Products — one of SURU's most specialized areas. § 123.6(b) requires a plan specific to each processing location and each kind of fish and fishery product, so a generic plan does not satisfy it; § 123.10 requires the plan be developed by an individual trained in accordance with that section; and importers face affirmative-step verification under § 123.12 that operates alongside, and in some cases in place of, FSVP.

Part 129Bottled WaterProcessing and bottling requirements, where applicable.

Bottled drinking water processing and bottling requirements, where applicable, including source, processing, and quality control considerations.

Part 130Food Standards — GeneralGeneral food provisions where relevant.

Food standards and general food provisions where relevant to a product category and its formulation practices.

Parts 131–169Standards of IdentityStandardized food requirements, where applicable.

Standards of identity and standardized food requirements, where applicable to products such as dairy, bakery, seafood, and other standardized categories. A standardized food has to meet its standard before anything else about the label matters.

Part 170Food Additives — GeneralGeneral food safety provisions.

Food additives and general food safety provisions applicable to ingredient and formulation review.

Part 172Direct Food AdditivesAdditives permitted for direct addition to food.

Food additives permitted for direct addition to food, reviewed as part of formulation and labeling support.

Part 173Secondary Direct Food AdditivesProcessing aids and formulation considerations.

Secondary direct food additives relevant to processing aids and formulation.

Part 174Indirect Food Additives — GeneralPackaging and food-contact materials.

Indirect food additives and general provisions relevant to packaging and food-contact materials.

Parts 175–178Food-Contact SubstancesAdhesives, coatings, paper, polymers, adjuvants, production aids.

Food-contact substances, adhesives, coatings, paper, polymers, adjuvants, production aids, and related indirect food additive considerations where applicable to packaging and equipment.

Part 179IrradiationProduction, processing, and handling of food where applicable.

Irradiation in the production, processing, and handling of food, where applicable to a process — including the permitted sources, the foods and dose limits involved, and the labeling that follows.

Parts 182 / 184GRAS SubstancesGenerally Recognized as Safe.

Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) substances and direct food substances affirmed as GRAS, reviewed during formulation and ingredient sourcing. A supplier calling an ingredient GRAS is a claim to be substantiated, not a conclusion to be accepted.

Part 189Prohibited SubstancesSubstances prohibited from use in human food.

Substances prohibited from use in human food, reviewed as part of ingredient and supplier qualification.

Part 190Dietary Supplement ProvisionsWhere applicable, alongside Part 111.

Dietary supplement provisions where applicable, including new dietary ingredient notification considerations, reviewed alongside Part 111 CGMP program development.

Not sure which of these apply to you?

Answering “which Parts apply to my product” from a list is the hard way round. Describe what you make and how you make it, and SURU works the applicability out from your answers — with the reasoning and the citation behind each conclusion.

FSMA

The core FSMA rules

Organised by rule rather than by Part, because that is how FSMA obligations arrive — attached to what you do and your role in the chain, not to a Part number. Applied depending on your products, processes and supply-chain position.

21 CFR Part 117

Preventive Controls for Human Food

CGMP and risk-based preventive controls for human food facilities.

  • Food Safety Plans
  • Hazard analysis and monitoring
  • PCQI support

21 CFR Part 507

Preventive Controls for Animal Food

Support for businesses involved in pet food, animal food, ingredients, feed, or related operations, where applicable.

  • Animal food CGMP
  • Hazard analysis for animal food
  • Supplier controls

21 CFR Part 1, Subpart L

Foreign Supplier Verification Programs (FSVP)

Importer obligations for verifying that foreign suppliers meet applicable U.S. food safety requirements.

  • FSVP development
  • Hazard analysis
  • Foreign supplier evaluation
  • Supplier approval and verification
  • Annual review and corrective actions
  • Importer records
  • FDA FSVP inspection preparation
  • FSVP record remediation
  • Foreign supplier audits
  • Documentation review
  • Importer training

21 CFR Part 1, Subpart O

Sanitary Transportation of Human and Animal Food

Practices to prevent food safety risks during transportation.

  • Transportation sanitation programs
  • Carrier, shipper and loader responsibilities
  • Receiver responsibilities
  • Temperature controls
  • Transportation records and training
  • Sanitary transportation SOPs

21 CFR Part 121

Mitigation Strategies to Protect Food Against Intentional Adulteration

Food defense planning for wide-scale public health harm scenarios.

  • Food defense plans
  • Vulnerability assessments
  • Actionable process steps
  • Mitigation strategies
  • Monitoring and corrective actions
  • Verification, training and documentation

21 CFR Part 112

FSMA Produce Safety Rule

Support for applicable produce growers, packing operations, and produce supply chains.

  • Agricultural water requirements
  • Worker hygiene
  • Biological soil amendments
  • Equipment sanitation
  • Related produce safety requirements

21 CFR Part 1, Subpart S — FSMA Section 204

Food Traceability Rule

The FSMA Food Traceability Rule requires additional recordkeeping for foods on the Food Traceability List. SURU builds practical, defensible traceability systems well before a record request ever arrives.

  • Food Traceability List applicability assessment
  • Key Data Elements
  • Critical Tracking Events
  • Traceability plan development
  • Lot-code systems
  • Supplier data requirements
  • Receiving, transformation and shipping records
  • Electronic traceability readiness
  • Mock traceability exercises
  • Record retrieval readiness
  • Gap assessments and implementation roadmaps

Independent Private Consulting Disclaimer

Suru Compliance LLC is an independent private food safety and regulatory compliance consulting company and is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or acting on behalf of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USDA, any state or local health department, or any other government agency. Regulatory, inspection, recall, warning letter, outbreak, advisory, and enforcement information displayed through this platform is obtained from publicly available government sources. Suru Compliance organizes and may summarize this information for convenience and educational/business-compliance purposes. The original government source remains the authoritative record. Users should review the original government record before making regulatory, legal, compliance, or business decisions.

Beyond the Parts

Other FDA regulatory support

Additional regulatory touchpoints where SURU provides consulting and preparation support. Some of these arrive on a schedule; the rest arrive without warning, which is the argument for having decided what you would do beforehand.

Registration & entry

Getting into the country, and staying registered once you are.

  • FDA food facility registration
  • Reportable Food Registry
  • Prior Notice
  • Detention and import issues
  • Import Alerts
  • DWPE considerations

Inspection & enforcement

What happens when FDA is in the building, or has just left it.

  • FDA inspections
  • FDA 483 observations
  • Warning letters
  • Regulatory meetings
  • Corrective action responses
  • FDA enforcement readiness

Recall & traceability

Being able to find product, and to prove you found all of it.

  • Voluntary recalls
  • Mandatory recall readiness
  • Records requests
  • Product tracing
  • Supplier and facility records

Product & facility

The standing requirements that apply whether or not anyone is looking.

  • Food labeling
  • Allergen compliance
  • Sanitation requirements
  • CGMP compliance

A note on applicability

Not every CFR section applies to every company. Applicability depends on your specific products, processes and operations. SURU Compliance LLC is not the FDA, not a certification body and not a law firm, and does not promise FDA approval, a passing audit, successful certification, or prevention of enforcement action. Legal matters requiring an attorney are referred to qualified legal counsel.

Start right

Work out what applies before you build anything.

Send us the products, the process and the supply chain. We will tell you which of these Parts and rules apply to you, which do not, and what being ready actually takes.

Direct contact

SURU Compliance is a regulatory consulting practice. We are not a government agency, a certification body, or a law firm, and we do not provide legal advice or guarantee regulatory outcomes.